Power point use in work envirnoment Essay Example for Free

Power point use in work envirnoment EssayCynthia Computer Application-205 Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint Microsoft Word-Microsoft Corporation was founded in 1975 lead global in the development and production of package and software-related services and solutions. Initially known for home computers, Microsoft, headquartered in Washington, now offers various operating systems and software for desktop computers. This multinational community strives to foster the worldwide business community improve efficiency and productivity. In recent years, this company has battled criticism concerning what some consider monopolistic, anti-competitive business practices.Despite heavy setbacks including antitrust violations sanctioned by the US Department of Justice, Microsoft remains a major player in its field. In todays business purlieu demands the sharing of data, mobile technology and speedy communication. Microsoft provides tools enabling business to be productive and communicat e effectively regardless of location. Outlook serves as the portal for e-mail, tasks, calendar and contacts. Microsoft office line workspace, boasting online storage space, enables users to save access and share documents throughout the world.Mobile Technology like smartphones, which supply the user with advanced figuring options allow you to stay connected to businesses. Microsoft office Accounting Express 2008 offers small start-up or at home businesses a resource for accounting processing and procedures. The software includes invoices, budget and finance template and profit and loss statements. Office Excel surpasses manual, paper-based spreadsheets in terms of ease of use and accuracy. Businesses confront an ever-growing number of security threats. many another(prenominal) businesses elect to use Microsoft Vista operating system as a measure to protect their data.Vista boasts account control, troubleshooting and diagnostic features and spyware blocker. Microsoft Security Essen tials, introduce in 2009, offers antimalware solutions at no cost to con effecters who use Genuine Windows-based PCs. Large business may choose Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate Ultimate offers Bit Lockers Drive encoding for maximum data protection. Microsoft lost its standing as the leading global software company in May 2010. Apple, once on the verge of extermination focuse on innovative, new consumer products to generate growth a popular line of hand-held devices contributed to the companys surge in profitability.In contrast, Microsoft, patronage sporadic new systems releases, primarily lies mainly on preserving the existing business. Although Microsoft remains a strong player in the market, the company continues to face stiff competition. PowerPoint is an glorious tool for employee training and online learning. Business owners and company managers mass use the programs to create compelling and interactive slide shows to demonstrate new products, train new workers and help exis ting customers get the most out of the products they buy. In fact there are a great many advantages to using PowerPoint as an online learning tool. whizz of the most powerful things about PowerPoint is the fact that it can corporate animation features and clip art. Its ability to incorporate sound is another powerful benefit of PowerPoint as an online learning tool. The sound functions of this program can make the slide show more interactive and less boring, and too can encourage visitors to stay with the training. Companies can use this interactive feature of PowerPoint to overcome problems and make their training sessions compelling. PowerPoint contains a number of powerful interactivity tools that makes it wakeful for users to engage the attention of the entire online audience.The improvement make to Excel 2007 and Excel 2010 is the ability to group the dates in the dropdown list into years and months. That means you dont have to create a new tower to identify the years and mon ths of each row using Excel formulas. In Excel 2010, you can customize your own Ribbon tab. It can be employ as commands in one place. In this way you do not have to click from one tab to another to find your commonly used command. In the earlier years of Excel (2003 and below), sorting can only be done based on the color coding in the cell, not only that, you can also sort the records by the font color.Thats new in Excel 2002 and 2010. Multiple conditional is not made easy Excel 2007 and 2010. In the older Excel version 2003 and below, we are to count based on one single condition. When using Excel 2003, multiple conditions sum has to be done using the formula SUMPRODUCT or combining all the conditions into one before applying the formula SUMIF to data. With the new Excel 2007, you can now slow sum up the values based on more than one condition by using the SUMIFs fomula.

Study question the Victorians poetry & prose Essay Example for Free

Study question the Victorians metrical composition prose Essay1. What is the function of meter for Mill? Of poets? What differences do you see between his ideal of poetry and the Romantic ideal? The function of poetry, according to Mill, is to act upon the emotions. It differs from prose or experience in a sense that while these address beliefs, poetry is to feelings that while the different two works by convincing or persuading, poetry works by moving emotions and while the other two presents a proposition to the intellect, poetry offers interesting objects of contemplation to the sensibilities. Poetry should paint the human soul truly. T here is not much difference in Mills function of poetry to Romantic ideals in the sense that both appeal to the emotion of the readers. 2. In the passage from his Autobiography, what does Mill become depressed/love his faith? What saves him? What is Mills critique of Utilitarian philosophy? Although Mill is a famous exponent of Utilitar ianism, he has some objections or criticisms about it. His father was also an exponent of Utilitarianism and here lies his delemma.He took the oppurtunity to publish his criticisms, alongside with his defense, when an earlier work by Professor Sedgwick was published that assaulted utilitarian ethics, and which had given his father and other utilitarians much indignation. 3. What choice is the madam of Shalott making when she leaves her tower? The Lady of Shalott decides to leave her isolation when she decided to leave her tower. All her life she lived in isolation, that although reapers hears her song, none had seen her and she couldnt look down fro her tower because of the judgment of conviction if she did so.One time she exclaimed I am half-sick of the shadows. Even though she resists looking down from her tower, she finally did when she heard Sir Lancelot sing and the curse is starting to manifest on her. Perhaps, at least at the time of death the Lady of Shalott does not wish to be alone but wish herself to be known to others, that she left hand the tower, labeled the boat she found The Lady of Shalott, and died crossing the river going to Camelot. 4. Is Ulysses stopping point to leave his home again (a) heroic or (b) escapist? Defend your answer.Ulysses decision to leave his home again is an escape to the life in his kingdom. There is nothing heroic in his new conquest, other than to seek a newer knowledge domain or to touch the Happy Isles. In the beginning of the poem, Ulysses already suggest that there is little point in staying home and kingdoms that he cannot rest from travel. He believes that going back to sea again would yeild some work of noble note suggesting that travelling the seas offers a much simpler and fruitful life than staying home. 5. Explain how the position and circumstances affect our reading of My Last Duchess?Is the narrator reliable? How do we know? The setting and circumstances in My Last Duchess leads the readers to sp eculate on the mysteries that encompasses the poem, speculatively from actual historical events. The tilte itself reveals that the speaker in the poem is a Duke whose last wife had died. The mention of nine-hundred-years-old name suggest that the Duke came from a long line of heavy(a) and powerful family, and through the speaker we know that he is presenting to his audience his art collections suggesting that he is a lover of the arts.There is little error from the information if we fill the popular belief that the speaker was Duke Alfonso II, who lived in the 16th century, to be true. Alfonso II came from the house of Este, whose earliest known member lived in the 10th century, which makes his name six-hundred-years-old at the time the duke lived, in contrast with the nine-hundred-years-old name. 6. According to Arnold what is the value of education in the humanities as opposed to just being educated in science or practical issues?Just being educated in science or practical issu es, according to Arnold, has put the world in a state where nothing is certain. It has brought the Sea of Faith in melancholy as scince has challenged the precepts of religion. He hopes that with the confusion brought about by science, education in the humanities would cure the world of its lack of faith. Education in the humanities would, at least, keep the world its moral standards. 7. What does Arnolds poem, Dover Beach suggest as an antidote to the outrage of faith?Do you think the poem ends pessimistically or optimistically? In Dover Beach, Arnold suggest that faithfulness in love is the antidote to the pass of faith. His appeal Ah, love let us be true suggests that his only hope on this uncertain world rests on the faithfulness of his love interest, credibly his wife, to him. The poem still ends pessimistically since Arnold emphasizes on the confusion the world is currently at the time the poem was written.

A Study Of Computer Ethics Violation

A Study Of Computer Ethics ViolationThere has been a general determination of ICT in teaching and learning process. Computer is one of the most technologies used in learning activities by schoolchilds in universities throughout the world. It is a spurious to facilitate learning, improve schoolman success, provide access to m any resources and give opportunity for communication (Kay Lauricella, 2011).Even though the data processors provide students with advant festers, they might also attract to several ethical problems. There is extensive unethical usage of calculator among students. Kuzu (2009) stated whatsoever of these unethical electronic computer apply behaviors such as using unlicensed softw ar, copying files or programs without authorization, contempt of peoples work, accessing personal nurture of people and publishing this on the Internet without authorization, communicating on the Internet in disrespected way, downloading of others files and e-mails, start ad ult web sites and sending viruses. These be some of the unethical practices of computer which lead to the build a big construct that is computer ethical motive. Martin and Yale-Weltz (1999) stated that at that place argon characteristics caused by computer use namely new concerns emerge rapidly, computer ethics, and computerized information.The term of computer ethics refers to a part of accessible and humanist studies of computing (SHC) which is theoretical of the way in which different forms of information applied skill shape these computer ethics which have been developed to address individuals or social systems (Breij, 2001). On the other hand, Shelly (2010) is more specific and described the term computer ethics as ethical guidelines that lead people to the upright way of using computers and information systems. Moreover, Barnard, de Ridder and Pretorius (2003) state that computer ethics is the study of behavioral activities of IT professionals that is useful for enti rely of society. Baase (2003) definition is quite closely to Barnards definition and describes computer ethics as a list of professional ethics same as medical, legal, teaching and accounting ethics.Computer ethics tug is to make decisions that depend on criteria of ethics, and past to provide more generalized ideas in terms of theoritical evaluation, ethical insights, normative standards, educational programs, legal advice and so forth (Floridi Sanders, 2002). Ethical issues are very necessary in every society. The increased growth of computer usage has been generated a lot of questions of what is good and is not good ethics regarding the activities of computer use. Therefore, at that place are some organizations that pay attention in social and ethical results of extensive computer usage such as Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Institute of galvanic and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society, the Data Processing Management Association (DPMA). ACM is one of these organizations which is special interest group that address the side effects of using computer and its aim is to raise awareness about the impact that technology has on society (ACM, 2012). In this case, ACM has established a engrave of ethics and professional conduct in 1992.It is clearly that computer has become a part of the educational environment which students use it as research and communication tool. At the same time, using computer has created ethical problems and entrancement of computer ethics is on the rise (Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah, 2009). In other word, on that point are different practices that students do and relate to the use of computer unethically. As Frestone and Mitchell (2004) stated that downloading music, movies and software is un honorable due to the copyright issues. Moreover, students are generally more tend to pirate software and other talented property (Kini, Ramakrishn Vijayaraman, 2004). happy property is mind creation, names, designs, etc. I t is divided into two types industrial property and copyright which includes poem, films, designs, music and games. Maslin, Zurainy, Rashidah, Ramlah and Norshidah (2010) found that a round more than half of students are aware of abuse of computer ethics in terms of intellectual property and privacy.Therefore, there are a lot of discussed sites of computer and networks. teaching privacy, intellectual property rights, canon of conduct and green computing are some examples of those sites (Shelly, 2010). In addition, Namlu and Odabasi (2007) build an unmoral computer using behavior scale (UECUB) to define unethical computer behaviors. A factor analysis of the related items discovered that the factors can be categorized into five groups intellectual property, social impact, safety and quality, net uprightness and information wholeness.Based on the experts in the field of computer security, universities are one of the lowest secure places (Maslin Zuraini, 2008). Furthermore, academi c dishonesty in these days technology is classified as an issue for higher education (Underwood Szabo, 2003). Scheyvens, Wild and Overton (2003) found that the train of plagiarism is in high level in graduate students more than in undergraduate students because of the high degree of demand for critical and analytical writing. Therefore, different groups of people whether they are organizations or individuals have become more pertain about ethical issues caused by interconnected world (Martin Woodword, 2011).IIUM is a unique university all over the world. It integrates traditional and moral determine in the all new-fangled areas of disciplines. The essential aim of establishing IIUM is to generate international center which can combines beneficial association and Islamic value in all types of disciplines which can lead to the right way of Ummahs leading role in variety fields of knowledge (IIUM philosophy, 2012)According to Tun Sri Mohd Sidek Hj Hassan (The president, IIUM Com munity), IIUM must be highly ethical even as it strives faithfulness (IIUM Code of Ethics, 2008). Concerning this, As an Islamic- oriented institution, IIUM students are expected to be ethical concessionaires at all time.IIUM has established the IIUM Student Code of Ethics which is a code of practices depending on the strong basic of Islamic values with a view to gaining a high level of morality in consignment with IIUMs core values namely, Integrity (trustworthiness), Justice and Fairness, Adab and Professionalism. IIUM Code of Ethics defines integrity (Istiqamah) as trust (Amanah) and stresses the need for sincerity, accountability, justice and transparency in all academic conduct (IIUM code of Ethics, 2008).Besides that, IIUM is committed to supplying a wide range of internet services to all its population and facilities by providing access to broadband and wifi to all its members whether they are students or staff as well as providing them with a number of computer laboratorie s in each Kullyah. Based on these services, students use computers whether they are university computers or their personal computers in their university or personal lives.In IIUM, There are several Kulliyyahs the Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology (KICT) is one of its kullyyahs which was opened in November 2001. Since that time, KICT has produced knowledge workers who have a variety of ICT skills and knowledge and Taqwa of Allah. KICT offers Cyber law of nature and Islamic Ethics (INFO 4502) as Kullyyah required course for all students to equipped them with more information of ethical computer use (KICT, 2005).At the same time, the Institute of Education (INSTED) is one of Malaysias top education schools in IIUM. It offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in different specialization. INSTED provides the strategies that reduce the gap between theory and practice (INSTED, 2012). Unlike the KICT, INSTED does not offer Cyber Law and Islamic Ethi cs as an Kulyyah required course. In this case, students are not familiar with the ethical practice of computer use.Recently, some studies have conducted in IIUM related to assess the ethical behaviors in terms of academic integrity practice and computer ethics among IIUM students. To clarify, Moshood (2010) conducted his study to examine the IIUM students perceptions toward academic integrity practice. Integrity practice in the IIUM campus was determined by two important sub- constructs (awareness of academic integrity policy and commitment to academic integritys slaying). On the other side, Maslin, et al. (2007) checkd the awareness of computer use among undergraduate computer science students from UTM and IIUM.Generally, many researches have been done in computer ethics field. The large number of these studies conducted to check into students awareness and perceptions of computer ethics and ethical beliefs (Adebayo, 2005 Akbulut, Usal, Odabasi Kuzu, 2008 Acilar, 2010 Jabour, 2 011 Maslin Zuraini, 2008 Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah, 2009 Molnar, Kletke Chongwatpo, 2008 North, George North, 2007 Perryer Jordan, 2002 Peterson, Rhoad Vangght, 2001 Virginiam, Kelly Kathleen, 2011 Teston, 2008). Furthermore, these studies analyzed the impact of gender, computer experience, age and program of the study on ethical judgments and ethical awareness.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMIt is obviously that universities and educational organizations pay a huge attention in providing computers to their students or members. Despite the increased using of computer and its applications such as Internet and shared resources in human lives activities all over the world, however some users of computers such as students do not practice the code of computer ethics due to their ignorance of these ethics or due to their lack knowledge regarding these ethics. In addition they are not familiar with the idea that ethical issues related to computer use might be of importance to them in their futur e go as computer professional (Namlu odabasi, 2007) Therefore, they do not aware of the side effects of intrusion of computer ethics.It is noteworthy that in Malaysia, computer ethics is not offered as an individual subject, but rather the topic integrated in some related courses such as Management Information Systems or Cyber Law and Ethics course (Maslin, et al, 2009). In IIUM, KICT offers the course of Cyber Law and Ethics as a required course for all students to equip them with more information of ethical computer use (KICT, 2005). On the other hand, INSTED does not require this course for the students who are under this institution. Therefore, on the absence of computer ethics guidelines as a subject or chapter in the INSTED courses, there is a need to assess students violation of computer ethics and make comparison between KICT as-they have at least background about computer ethics- and INSTED students.In addition, According to IIUM website, the philosophy of the university is to create international center of educational excellence which integrate Islamic cognition and values in all disciplines. Furthermore, In IIUM, integrity (Istiqamah) is recognized as the essence of the university code of ethics. IIUM Code of Ethics (2008) requires students to the code of ethics strictly in their academic works and general lives. This code of ethics contains many core values such as piety, honesty, trustworthiness, responsibility, sincerity, accountability, justice and transparency. With this code of ethics, IIUM students practices are expected to be ethically (IIUM Codes of Ethics, 2008). In addition, IIUM requires integrity practice to be able to produce ethically outstanding scholars in various fields of studies (Moshood, 2010). As a result, it requires loaded commitment to the execution of academic integrity policies. Consequently, IIUM administrators and energy are expected to be committed to implement the integrity policies in campus. Therefore, this stud y firstly entrust examine the level of students violation of computer ethics in two different Kullyyahs with the existence of Islamic values in the university. Moreover, the researcher leave investigate if there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the level of IIUM faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policy from students perspective.Finally, there are some researches were conducted in the field of computer ethics. The large number of these studies conducted to investigate students awareness and perceptions of computer ethics and ethical beliefs (Adebayo, 2005 Akbulut, Usal, Odabasi Kuzu, 2008 Acilar, 2010 Jabour, 2011 Maslin Zuraini, 2008 Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah, 2009 Molnar, Kletke Chongwatpo, 2008 North, George North, 2007 Perryer Jordan, 2002 Peterson, Rhoad Vangght, 2001 Virginiam, Kelly Kathleen, 2011 Teston, 2008). Furthermore, these studies investigated the impact of gender, computer experience , age and program of the study on ethical judgments and ethical awareness.In IIUM context, there are only one study was conducted in terms of academic integrity practice and one study in term of computer ethics. To clarify, Moshood (2010) conducted his study to examine the IIUM students perceptions toward academic integrity practice. On the other hand, Maslin, et al. (2007) investigated the awareness of computer use among undergraduate computer science students from UTM and IIUM.After examine the literature, It is clear that there is a lack of studies which conducted to evaluate the real violation of computer ethics among students. To add, there is no study investigate whether there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the level of IIUM faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policy from students perspective or not. Therefore, this research aims to assess the level of students violation of computer ethics, exami ne any significant contravention between KICT and INSTED student violation of computer ethics and to investigate if there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the level of IIUM faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policy from students perspective.Conceptual frameworkThe study of Peterson , Rhoads Vaught (2001) revealed that age as a factor has an effect on ethical behavior. They found that aged people have high level of ethical behavior than younger. In term of investigating different program on students ethical computer use, Akbulut, Uysal, Odabasi Kuzu.(2008) investigate the effect of program on unethical computer using behavior. They found that there is no significant difference among different programs of study. By contrast, Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah (2009) found that there were some significant differences in ethical awareness of computer use among undergraduate computer science students from different universities (UTM and IIUM) In addition, Maslin, et al. (2009) have developed this flummox of ethical awareness of computer useIn IIUM, Integrity (Istiqamah) is recognized as the essence of the university code of ethics (IIUM Code of Ethics, 2008). Academic integrity, according to the nerve center for Academic Integrity (International Center for Academic Integrity, 2011), is defined as a commitment, even in the face of great difficulties, to five basic core values honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility. Based on these values, principles of behaviors come into being that wait on academic communities convert these ideals into practice.Based on previous studies and model, in present study, the researcher will investigate the effect of age and program of study (Kullyyah) on students violation of computer ethics. The model will be as followingThe completion of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspect ives.AgeProgram of the study (Kullyyah)Violation of computer ethicsPURPOSE OF THE STUDYThe purpose of this study is to assess the level of computer ethics violation among IIUM students whether they are undergraduate or postgraduate students in two different Kulyyahs and to find if there is any significant difference between KICT and INSTED students in their violation of computer ethics. Moreover, this study aims to examine if there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the point of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives.RESEARCH QUESTIONSThis study designed to address the following questionsWhat is the level of violation of computer ethics among IIUM students?Is there any statistically significant difference between KICT and INSTED students in their violation of computer ethics?Is there any relationship between IIUM students violation of computer ethics and the extent of facu lty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives?Is there any statistically significant difference between different groups of students ages in their violation of computer ethics?DELIMITATIONConducting this study will not generalize to all universities in Malaysia. It will be limited to IIUM only. Specifically, this study will reduce on only two Kullyyahs (KICT and INSTED). Although there are several aspects of students misconduct behavior, however this study will be restricted to find out the level of computer ethics violation. Furthermore, this study will find out only the effect of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives on students violation of computer ethics. However, there are others factors affect students violation of computer ethics.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe results from this study will make a meaningful contribution to our knowledge concerning computer ethics violation in our University. Moreover, this study will provide data about the level of IIUM students unethical practice of using computer that could help the lecturers to be informed about their students violation of computer ethics and help them to find what they think that help their students if the level is low.Furthermore, the leaders of the KICT and INSTEAD will be awarded about the level of students violation and make their decisions of how the level of ethical practice in using computer be improved if the level is low. Finally, this study will give a clear picture about the nature of the relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the extent of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives which helps the policy makers of IIUM to take more notice on academic integrity practice in IIUM campus.DEFINITION OF TERMSComputer ethics Moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information system. In this study computer ethics will only cover intellectual property, privacy and shared resources (adapted from Shelly, 2010). quick Property A broad category of materials, inventions and original works that are legally recognized as proprietary assets of an individual or organization which cannot be used without permission or legal licensure (Adapted from Techopedia.com, 2010)Privacy The degree to which personal information, digital communication and digital devices can be accessed and shared by individuals (Adapted from your Dictionary.com, 2012) overlap Resources Known as network resources, refer to computer data, information, or hardware devices that can be easily accessed from a remote computer through a local area network (LAN) or enterprise Internet (Techopedia.com, 2012).IIUM International Islamic University Malaysia. IIUM is a unique universityeither in Malaysia or on a broader plane of the world. Since its inception English is used both as its medium of instruction and the language of its administration. It blends harmoniously modern and professional disciplines with traditional values and moral virtues. Its students originate from more than 100 countries representing nearly all regions of the world. IIUM has spared no effort to ensure that it provides the best tertiary education possible in all branches of knowledge.6. KICT Kullyyah of Information and Communication Technology in IIUM.7. INSTED Institute of Education in IIUM.8. Violation an act that disregards an agreement or a right (AudioEnglish.net, 2006).9. Academic integrity refers to the extent that core ethical values ( honestly,sincerity, piety, quality and originality) are transparently observed and strictly implemented in all academic pursuits. This is expected to facilitate the progress of comprehensive excellence in the academic process as highlighted in the IIUM fundamental mission for learning.10. Commitment to Academic Integritys ImplementationIt c ontains four indicators that measure the extent of the university administrators and facultys commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies. The four observed variables include (Code of ethics is well implemented in IIUM Academic integrity practice is adequated emphasised by lecturers at the beginning of each course Consequences of dishonest practices are well discussed in most of my classes and Defaulters of academic integrity rules are given catch sanctions in IIUM.

International Challenges for Ubers Expansion

International Ch onlyenges for Ubers ExpansionUbers future depends on supranational germinateth, but currently they are experiencing international challenges at bottom their non-U.S. markets. I pull up stakes introduce their brief history, explain their current challenges, international expansion aims, their strategy plans, and a hardly a(prenominal) insights on how they can achieve greater success in international markets. Predominantly, Uber has brutally underestimated the challenges of operating in countries that embody totally different economic, political, and cultural environments. Their definitive goal is to become cardinal of the only international ride-hailing order, nonetheless they didnt realize all the major setbacks they would come across internationally. Quick Uber HistoryUber headquarters islocated in San Francisco, California and operates in 632 other cities oecumenical (Uber Technologies Inc., 2017). In conjunction, Uber has expandedto more than 80 countries since its June 2010 initial launch in San Francisco,California (Hyder, 2014). Uber wasfounded March of 2009 by Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp (Uber TechnologiesInc., 2017). Uber Technologies, Inc.provides e-commerce services for car hire and the go with offers a websitewhich develops applications that allow users to request a car for hire from any expeditious device text message while serving customers worldwide (Bloomberg,2017). Moreover, the company was originally an idea that Travis Kalanick andGarrett Camp originated, while encountering more or less trouble attaining a cab. Theiridea was to simply invent something that with the tap of a button you could geta cab/ride and not have to struggle like they did. Stated on the Uber website,What started as an app to request premium black cars in a few metropolitanareas is now changing the logistical fabric of cities around the world. Whetherits a ride, a sandwich, or a package, we use technology to give mass whatthey want, when th ey want it (Uber Technologies Inc., 2017). Uber not onlyprovides rides to their customers, but they also provide men and women a demeanor toearn money by letting them use their give vehicle to give their clientelesrides. Also, noted on the Uber website, for the women and men who drive withUber, our app represents a flexible new way to earn money. For cities, we helpstrengthen local anaesthetic economies, correct access to transportation as reliable asrunning water, everyone benefits (Uber Technologies Inc., 2017). Current Challenges Uber was the first major ride-hailingcompany with mobile on-demand transportation. As competition started to intensify,Uber strategized on how to stick number one in this market area. They realizedin recognition of the risk posed by these followers into the market, theyneeded to rapidly and aggressively grow some(prenominal) domestically and internationally.However, along the way Ubers expansion was met with both excitement and majorblocks resultin g from lawsuits, technological limitations, and governmentregulation (Hyder, 2014). Ubers expensive push into china endedabruptly in 2016, when its domestic rival Didi Chuxing announced it hadacquired Uber China and more recently Uber merged with Yandex, marking its exitfrom another major international market, Russia. Governments, drivers, and passengerslaunched a seemingly endless stream of lawsuits and taxi firms organizedprotests in Europe and S bug outh America as they recognized their pipeline wereunder threat. Ubers jural and ethical conduct was put under further scrutinywhen their drivers argued that they were universe exploited as part of the sharingeconomy. Additionally, I will list some initialchallenges Uber faced within these following countries. As mentioned in Recode article written by JohanaBhuiyan, in Russia, it was a fierce opponent unforced to play the subsidy gamethat drove the company out, while it was regulatory issues that has stymied itin Europe (Bhuiyan, 2017). Also, in Denmark, where Uber announced it wasleaving in March, it was new regulations that call for it to act more like ataxi company, requiring that drivers install things like meters in their cars.The company said it plans to revive its operation in Denmark when laws change(Bhuiyan, 2017). following in Spain, the company had been previously banned incities across the country, Uber has continued to face protests from taxidrivers in these cities (Bhuiyan, 2017). France currently had legal disagreementswith Uber regarding they should be treated as a taxi service hence controlledlike one too which then charged Uber for being an illegal taxi service(Bhuiyan, 2017). In more more places like, Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Taiwan,and Thailand they have all charged Uber penalties for operating on their landillegally. In regard to India and China, they are similar markets in terms ofboth size and the cost of undercutting prices to maintain or grow demand.Expansion within the region o n its confess would require significant capital(Bhuiyan, 2017). These are dependable a few of the many different challenges Uber hasbeen faced with since branching out internationally. International Expansion and Strategy PlansAstonishingly, in less than eight yearsUber has all over expansion in more than 450+ markets all over the worldand is continuously growing. As stated in an article, expandinginternationally has involved a series of changes to the mobile application andbusiness model in order to localize it to the market and culture. Uber has hadto make changes to accommodate different languages, currencies, and distancemeasures (e.g. miles vs. kilometers) (Hyder, 2014). As cited by Hyder shementioned, Travis Kalanick wrote about Ubers international expansion in ablog posting as we started expanding, it became clear that individual citieswere the queer factor in our launches. Each city is unique in itstransportation pain points, its density, its transportation alternatives, regulation, even its transportation culture (2014). Moreover, Uber first tried implementingwhat worked in the U.S. and applied some of those techniques to complianceivecountries however, they were one of the companies that learned the hard way,realizing that what may have worked in the U.S. wouldnt work elsewhere. Statedin an article written by Suhas Manangi, the young tech company has connected aclassic globalization mistake it naively assumed that its business model andmarket approach, which ultimately solidified its market-leading position in theU.S., could translate erect as seamlessly to other countries. It severelyunderestimated the challenges of operating in countries that embody totallydifferent economic, political, and cultural environments (2017). What Uber predominantly saw was the commontransportation problem within many countries that required a solution. Asspecified in an article, localization is a key ingredient of Ubers AsiaPacific (APAC) marketing strategy as it battles to stay ahead of regionalcompetition. However, localization goes beyond services which might includecash payments for some emerging markets where credit cards are not feasible, orin China, where Uber has partnered with Alibabas Ali-pay system thepreferred payment method of Chinese consumers (Manangi, 2017).Correspondingly, this article mentions Uber calls its globalization strategylaunch playbook, a list of business strategies and operating guidelines thathave been complied by an interior(a) team of about forty employees. At the sametime, Uber is smart to have flexibility in different markets that local Uberleaders can adapt and not have the same features everywhere (Manangi, 2017).Examples of this include, UberCHOPPER in Shanghai, UberBOATS in Istanbul, andUberAUTO in New Delhi, India. Recommendations for Greater Success Internationally succeeding(a) the six quick rules of thumb fordoing business across cultures is a strategy Uber should incorporate. They needto be prepa red, be considerate of time, establish trust, understand theimportance of language, respect the culture, and understand components of theculture they are in. As stated by formaland Geringer, knowing your customer is just as important in the world as it isin your hometown. Each culture has its logic, and within that logic are real,sensible reasons for the way they do things (2013). Uber needs a businesspersonwho can figure out the basic pattern of the culture which in turn will beincreasingly effective interacting with foreign clients (Ball & Geringer,2013). Furthermore, for greater success internationally,Uber should be more awake in looking at its practice and policies therefore,considering if they are appropriate to incorporate in each specific country.China, India, and Europe differ in many shipway from their home country, Uber willhave greater success if they ask for permission to operate in specificcountries instead of just intruding and then because finding out they weredo ing business illegally. Doing so will then convey respect to those countriesregulations and organizations. As mentioned previously, aggressive entrytactics should be eliminated and instead Uber should ab initio invest timebuilding solid relationships with the various unions within the country. Another tactic Uber should integrate ispreparation and planning. Uber generally did not produce a plan before goinginternational they just learned and adapted as they went resulting in costinefficiency. Which, reverts back to the six quick rules of thumb, rule numberone, being prepared is key. In order to help Uber with better preparation withplanning, they should follow the global strategic planning process asreferenced by Ball and Geringer, global strategic planning provides a formalstructure in which managers (1) analyze the companys external environment, (2)analyze the companys internal environment, (3) define the companys businessand mission, (4) set corporate objectives, (5) quantify go als, (6) formulatestrategies, and (7) make tactical plans (2013). Lastly, instead of withdrawingfrom the countries that already have a enlarged advantage over Uber, because oftheir already existing taxi companies within the local country, they shouldinstead try partnering with its local rivals. Simply because trying to doeverything on their own is a strategically challenging, hence the reason whythey have backed out of multiple countries. ConclusionTo conclude, Uber has had to overcome manychallenging obstacles along the way of becoming an international business.Failing to plan, failure to fit local market objectives, and learning fromtheir mistakes are all topics resulting from expanding internationally. Uberneeds to respectively appreciate and keep in mind while operating in differentcountries, their different economic, political, and cultural environments. Also,providing customization to local markets is an expensive task requiringsignificant financial backing and of the mind p loughshare from the senior executives,hence the need for a carefully thought out strategy for global expansion isrequired (Manangi, 2017). Their goal is to maintain number one withininternational ride-hailing companies, but with all the competition andchallenges in todays world there is potential in them losing thissustainability if a new accusation in strategic planning is not met. ReferencesBall, D. A. (2013).International Business The Challenge of Global Competition(13th ed.).New York McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Bhuiyan, J. (2017, July 14). Its a Hard World After all in Ubers Path to Global Domination. Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https//www.recode.net/2017/7/14/15964808/uber-global-domination-yandex-didiBloomberg L.P. (2017). Uber Technologies Inc Company Profile Bloomberg. Retrieved from https//www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0084207DUS-uber-technologies-inc Hyder, Y. (2014,February 7). Case Uber. Retrieved February 13, 2018, from http//soumyasen.com/IDSC6050/Case15/Group15_ index.htmlManangi, S. (2017, August 1). Ubers Global Expansion Strategy rallyLocal to ExpandGlobal Will it Work for Startups? Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https//www.linkedin.com/pulse/ubers-global-expansion-strategy-think-local-expand-work-manangiUber Technologies Inc. (2017). The Uber Story. Retrieved fromhttps//www.uber.com/our-story/

Scorsese And His Use Of Red

Scorsese And His Use Of carmineThe eminent and much reve departure director Martin Scorsese first achieved critical acclaim with his 1973 picture, Mean Streets. The direct was an separate production which excessively began his enormous standing collaboration with the actor Robert DeNiro. Without major studio tooshieing, Scorsese operated with a very small budget, yet he overcame this setback with exceptionally strong acting creative and per plaster bandageances, powerful and striking visuals. Mean Streets is a brutal, moody and sharply detailed story about life in innovative York Citys microscopical Italy, as recovern done the experiences of a root of small time hoodlums. Scorsese bring his own obsessions into all his movies, and Mean Streets is no exception. His ambivalence towards group and family loyalties, macho values, and the feel of success and the price it demands ar all evident, helping to set up the unstable, conf gived and destructive world of the film, and i n particular the main star Charlie. resilient to the creation of this world is the recurrent incorporation of the spate of tinct vehement into the mise en survey.Different act upon has been mapd as a filmic code by m some(prenominal) directors however this was non possible until colour film was technologically feasible, As a code, colour takes its cue from social codes violent is associated with passion and military group gloomful with coolness and melancholy (Lacey 38). One of the focus blurt outgs in which colour is ingestiond is to focus the earreachs awareness within the mise en scene. It is d maven with b practiced colours, which draw the essence much(prenominal) than pastel shades. Colour is obviously linked with lighting. Film directors may suff utilize their film with a particular colou tearing light reddish inkdened in move Driver and blue in Blue Steel (1989, Kathryn Bigelow). The government issue of this is to link various themes in the film. (38 Lacey) The colour red has a instinctive allude when we first see it, not honest in the form of inventory, only if overly on fire trucks, stop signs, police lights and stoplights. Red lights constantly aim warning and or danger unless they are in a red light district, where they imply a different kind of prohibited activity as seen in travel Driver. Scorsese frequently encoded the colour red into his films for many reasons.On the brisk York, New York special edition DVD introduction, he said that his code was influenced by the films of the Classical Hollywood period which had the stamp of Hollywood of the 1940s and 1950s. Some of things he mentions arethe artifice of the film, the sets themselves, the obvious sets, sometimes the sets were painted, you could see it wasnt real. The track kerbs that were supposed to be in New York were too high. But we understood it to be a different kind of reality, a parallel universe in a way, to the reality I k un mathematical functiond in the streets or at home. That didnt mean that the films are any less uncoiled, you see. And that doesnt necessarily mean that, because theyre coded in a find a code that occurs. The happy endings werent quite realistic or true. There was something else going on emotionally in those films that were very true to the human condition. I tried to bring that out, but place it against and upon the old template. I decided the way to handle New York, New York would be to deal with the artifice aright up front.As you can see from his interview is that he was implying that his films were heavily coded just like the films from the Classical Hollywood period. In this paper I provide attempt to decode his films with principal emphasis on his use of the colour red.Scorseses profound stylised use of the colour red was inspired by The Red Shoes (1948, Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger) which is included his Top Ten English Language Film List which exemplifies the use of light and color.1 In an interview Scorsese remarked that the use of color in the movie isnt realistic. But it really reflects the heightened world of the ballet, the heightened world of theater. Color is always something that is going to be an aesthetic comment, no matter how you do it.2 It is very clear, as the use of red in the film is very dominant in The Red Shoes. Such as the theatre curtains are red and so are Vicki Pages hair. The color exhibits a sexual power and an artistic passion. (LoBrutto 29) The use of red in the film therefore does not re arrange sin or violence like in some of Scorseses films.The colour red connotes numerous diverse meanings, unmatched of most well-jazzn being alarm or danger, perhaps it is because it is the colour of blood. During the first few scenes in Mean Streets, Scorsese introducers us to the four main characters by colour coding their robes. Firstly, Tony, who we see walking into the toilets of his own bar, where much of the meet takes place, we notice on him, moments earlier he uses force to remove a heroin user from the toilets, and attacking a drug pusher a liberal red shirt. This subtly demonstrates his harsh, violent genius, and unites him with the bright red Hell that is his bar and his world. In other words his red shirt coordinates with the infernal red combust of his bar, denoting his sinful, damaging mankind within its realm. After all, only a man of perilous intent with a taste for danger would fulfil his dream of caging a pet lion and a panther in his basement, illegally or not. Further more than, the distinctive red shirt worn by Johnny Boy introduces him in a similar light to Tony, as a dangerous, unyielding individual. His mindless prank of exploding a red mail box directlyadays after he appears on screen only reinforces his reckless character suggested by the shirt, and unites him with the malevolent life of Tonys bar.Additionally in Mean Streets, Michaels superior involvement within the group of friends is signif ied by his striking red tie. The garment itself connotes his strong business aspirations and his destination for higher things, probably as a third rank maffia hood, whereas the colour connotes his brutal, dangerous nature, the result of which being the eventual bloodbath that marks the films ending. Indeed, one could not examine the colour red in Mean Streets and overleap the extensive use of blood in the films final installment. In contrast to the other three characters, when we first see Charlie, he is put uping a whiten vest which subliminally separates him from eachone else. The first shot of the film is of Charlie waking up as he stands up and walks across to his mirror we see two crosses. Firstly the one he is wearing around his neck and the second on his wall. This Christian symbolisation, together with his white vest symbolises his purity.Through out the film Charlie comes across people who are wearing red and tempt him into sin. This is best exemplified by the shamef ul terpsichorer in Tonys bar who is wearing nothing apart from red underwear. The come together up shot of the red underwear worn by the dancer on stage reinforces the moral predicament Charlie faces between his religion and his social aspirations. The existence of this red underwear present, in Scorseses terms, the notion of her being a whore as opposed to the virginal white dress worn by Vickie in Raging Bull, or Betsy in Taxi Driver, who appeared like an angel, or even Charlies white vest at the beginning of the film. The red underwear implies that the girl is immediately connected to the immoral world of Mean Streets, and therefore brands her a whore. However, the red also connotes Charlies obvious desire for the girl, an emotion strong enough for him to dance with her. Nevertheless, the dance is immediately followed by Charlies own self-abasement of burning his finger on naked flame, a ritual of his we are first introduced to in the opening scene in the perform, which agai n reminds us of how his religion has helped confuse his moral state of mind. Indeed, Charlies Catholic upbringing contributes greatly to his rejection of the black dancer from Tonys bar, even though he desires her. Comparably, J.D.s Catholic persuasion leads to his rejection of The Girl from Whos That Knocking At My Door, which is due to his need for a virginal bride. This example is particularly harsh, as his refusal is a consequence of her antecedent rape, which in his eyes means she is a whore. Whos That Knocking at My Door and Raging Bull play like diagnostics of the Madonna/Whore complex. The black and white cinematography only heightens the sexual stereotyping. As I have mentioned above that Vickie in Raging Bull, or Betsy in Taxi Driver wear white, Scorsese conducts all his blondes wear white when we first see them in his films, such as Sharon Stone in Casino. The white clothing adds to their clearness and virginal esthetics before they are corrupted by the main male prota gonists- very often played by DeNiro himself. The blonde in a white clothing could also be a reference to Alfred Hitchcock, as he also used to present his blonde female characters in white when we first see them. In Raging Bull, Jake Le Motta even buys his wife a white dress and white sunglasses as he wants her to be the virginal and virtuous type, as throughout the film he believes that she is cheating on him.In Mean Streets, the colour red serves as a metaphor for the hostile nature of the protagonist Charlie, his world and the destiny of him and those surrounding him within the film. Moreover, the brining red of Max Cadys sports car is perfect example of how the colour red has been incorporated as a subtext in Scorseses remake of Cape Fear. The gruesome, violent acts performed by Cady throughout the film, together with his brutal nature, are suggested by his extreme choice of vehicle. This frightening aspect of the colour red could be reference to The Counterfeit Traitor (1962, G eorge Seaton). As Scorsese said of the film once- for kids brought up on the black-and-white battlegrounds of newsreels, the use of color here specially the color red, which is very important gave the film a presence and an immediacy that frightened us.3 As this quote shows that the colour red was sometimes used by Scorsese to scare his audience.This heavy use of red clothing is not only present in Mean Streets but almost all of Scorseses protagonists wear red such as DeNiro, Pesci and Stone in Casino wear it at various moments in the film. Scorsese in an interview said that on the streets of Little Italy that- The one thing you couldnt wear was the colour red. I remember wanting a red jacket, and my father said, Only pimps wear red, youre not having one and thats that. Wearing red was also a sure way to attract police attention.4 As this quote shows Scorsese is very aware of the various associations with wearing red clothing, such as you might be associated with pimps and that you might attract police attention. This adds credence to the moral dilemma that Charlie faces in the film.The introduction of Michael considering the religious themes in the film his character could be a reference to Lucifer as he hunts them down and shoots them during the films climax at the end is important when considering Scorseses use of the colour red with relation to the take a breather of Mean Streets. Firstly, he delivers a large red box of Marlboro cigarettes to Charlie, which he places on the table between the two characters. The cigarettes are positioned centrally on the screen, automatically capturing the audiences attention. Initially, Charlie complains about the brand of cigarettes, but accepts them after Michael explains that for these prices Charlie, you shouldnt complain. Therefore, we assume Scorsese focuses on the cigarettes, by means of their red colour and positioning in the mise-en-scene, in order to present the ineffectual nature of Charlie within the re alm of his world. Surely, forsaking his preferred choice of cigarettes is a minor, yet noticeable sacrifice one he must make to be a part of the gangster life.As I have mentioned, Michael Powells influence is all over Scorseses work. His distinct usage of the colour red is a direct homage to Powell. It is interesting that Powell twice counselled Scorsese against the colour red. The first time was When Powell saw 8mm test footage of DeNiro sparring, he remarked that The red boxing gloves are too red. And Scorsese hold and that was one of the reasons why he decided to make the film in black-and-white.5 Another reason why Scorsese did not shoot the film in colour was because A outlet of boxing films were in production such as Rocky II, The Main Event, a remake of The Champ, and Matilda and so Scorsese treasured to go another way (LoBrutto 223) and be original.Another scene that inspired Scorseses use of red, in The Red Shoes, was the main protagonists use of bright red lipstick whic h he used for Francine in New York, New York. As LoBrutto wrote that Francines deep red lipstick is accurate for the period but another opportunity to dominate many of the images with the color of his obsessions of hot tempers more than sexual temperature. (LoBrutto 210) As the quote shows that this time Scorsese used the colour red not to symbolise violence or sin but as a sexual code.The colour red was no doubt a major colour not only in Mean Streets but also in Taxi Driver, particularly the scene set in the brothel. Red can imply danger, but in the case of the ambience of the brothel, the colour red could also imply wilful or morally wrong behavior. The night time setting and the low key lighting has been significantly used in Taxi Driver and the constructed space closely echoes the look of film noirs. The red low key lighting produces a sombre and mysterious mood and emphasising deep shadows to earn tension in the scene. During the final climax in Taxi Driver, the face of Travi s and Sport have been clearly highlighted by the strong light effects from inwardly and with red light emanating from the neon lights of the street even though there are not that many street lights when we saw an exterior shot of the building. At one moment during that sequence of the film we see a halo of white light dimly reflected over Travis trim backd Mohican head which neutralises his violence and gives him the look of an (avenging) angel. As since white by tradition represents purity and innocence. Since red light draws the audiences attention, the function of flashing red lights increases the power of the colour such as the rotating red and blue light from the police car at the end of Taxi Driver.The colour red is not only used at night but also in the daytime. In these cases, Scorsese fills the mise en scene with bright red objects. For example when Henry crosses the street, to teach Karens neighbour a lesson for touching her, by walloping his face with the end of his gun the car, the flowers, the toolbox and even the house itself are all bright red. This scene shows that even the peaceful leafy suburbs are not safe during the day time when there are hoodlums present and that no one is safe from them. Also when Henry first explains how Jimmy hijacks trucks without using any force, we see Jimmy completely covered in red lighting. Or when Henry spends a paranoid day driving around his neighbourhood, prepping a chain reactor of cocaine for delivery, and he keeps calling home to ensure his brother is properly stirring the bright red source (a symbolic reference to blood).In Taxi Driver, this technique is apparent throughout the film, with the streets of New York presented as an inferno of evil and treachery or as Bickle calls it an open sewer full of filth and scum. Scorseses use of expressionistic colour shows us how Bickle observes the nocturnal world around him. Contrasting to the disconsolateness, neon lights appear extra bright, and many shots are taken of blurry colours seen through water on the windshield. This palette of colour once again takes the audience inside Bickles mind. During the scene were Travis shoots the pimp, Scorsese employs the use of surrealistic colour. Everything inside the building seems grim and dirty, and the extra bright red colour of the blood stands out over everything else. This theme was again used by Scorsese in After Hours, which again happened predominantly at night with various neon lights incorporated into the mise-en-scene.Both Minnelli and DeNiro in New York, New York wear red clothing which again connects their characters with the red symbolism of the city. By making the city red, Scorsese represents the city as malevolent. In Mean Streets, Taxi Driver and Goodfellas the city is colour coded in bright red. This is especially true in New York, New York, the city, no matter if it is interior space or exterior is predominantly red, and yet the opposite can be seen in the film. As DeNi ro and Minnelli meet outside of the city in the woods, their clothing and setting is white or pale. This sudden change in colour instils in the audience the contrast between the peaceful and pure rural space with the sinful inner-city space.Not only is red an important colour in Christianity but also brown. In Scorseses Last Temptation of Christ (1988), he uses a very monochromatic brown colour to emphasise deliveryman humanity and to contrast Jesus the poor peasant with the power and riches of Rome which are decorated in red and gold. However like his other films, red is another major colour symbolising the final spilling of Jesus blood. Of course in this respect, red is a prominent colour in many Jesus films, none more than Mel Gibsons The Passion of the Christ. Whilst the film opens under a blue filter, the rest of the film is subject to the bright red blood of Jesus.Religion is also at the fondness of Scorseses remake of Cape Fear. Max in the film is sent to the family by God to test them. Each member of the family displays a tendency toward immoral behaviour or what they perceive to be immoral behaviour. Such as when Sam is asleep, Leigh is seen grooming herself in the bedroom mirror and day dreaming of other men, at which point Max appears outside the house, backed by a dazzling display of fireworks which is a sexually charged image as the night cast out is associated with the feminine and fireworks can represent the male orgasm. The colour red is again important in the film as when she and Sam go out to ask she guiltily wipes the red lipstick from her lips. It almost seems that her sinful thoughts provoked Maxs presence. Maxs divine ability to withstand pain is yet another religious clue. He is superhuman because he is what he claims to be, a messenger from God sent to test the family, he even says Youre a VIP on Earth. Im a VIP in heaven. This is why he is able to fight back against the three thugs despite a beating that would render any human dem obilised. Another religious use of the colour red can be found in the scene in which Sam hallucinates crucifixion wounds in his hands which can represent that his nous has been saved. This can not be said about many of Scorseses characters in his other films as most have committed too many sins to be saved or die before they can be saved such as the final climax in the lift in The Departed. As LoBrutto noted, Red is also identified with blood, the Passion of Christ, the Crucifixion, and the suffering Jesus endured on earth for the salvation of mankind. The stigmata are wounds that bleed openly, corresponding to the feet, hands, side and brow of the crucified Christ. A substitute for a baptism of holy water is blood. (LoBrutto 64-65) So therefore a character can be born again via blood baptism, for example, Travis during the climax of the film is covered in blood and therefore born again as he saves the girl. As LoBrutto also wrote Scorsese was revealing his obsessions with Old Tes tament values revenge, redemption, and the quaint rite of purification by blood. (LoBrutto 64-65) These themes Scorsese has obsessed about for his entire career as they appear repeatedly in his films.As a young man, Scorsese wanted to become a priest, but he decided to become a filmmaker after his many visits to the movie theatre. He proposed that films are a new secular religion and that they can offer the viewer and the director redemption and salvation.6 That is why in Mean Streets, it is not surprising that Charlies confessional speech in church at the beginning of the film focuses on the forgiveness of sin, an important theme that runs throughout the film, often in his narration. His tormented dialogue begins with the narration of Scorsese himself Lord, Im not worth(predicate) to eat your flesh, to drink your blood. This profound image demonstrates immediately the importance of religion to the character of Charlie, and indeed Scorsese, as he himself explains My voice is inter -cut with Harvey Kietels throughout the film, and for me that was a way of trying to come to terms with myself, trying to redeem myself. In this sense we realise exactly how private the film is to Scorsese, as a creative form of art, and as a source of redemption, and are able to make a comparison between Charlie and himself.Furthermore, Charlies narrative reference to blood relates to the blood red imagery apparent throughout the film, in this case utilising it to realise Charlies discomfort with his religion. As Charlie stands to move to another part of the church, we are presented with an aerial long shot of the chapel, whereby the dark red of the chairs seem almost like a tide of blood from the countless confessions typical to that of Charlies, in which the blood of Christ has been spilt in vain. Indeed Charlie explains before this scene his perception that you dont make up for your sins in church, you do it in the streets and at home the rest is bullshit. Consequently, we are aware that religion is not so much a belief of Charlies, but merely a formality, and as in Boxcar Bertha religion is an insidious, pervasive, destructive idea, inescapability allied to the forces of greed and manipulation.Moreover, the overt use of red candles surrounding Charlie in the church, which is similar to that in Iriss confessional scene in Taxi Driver, is symbolic of the burning sine he experiences, much of which is due to his overpowering dilemma with his religion. He explains that pain in sinning has two sides. The kind you can touch with your hand the kind you can feel in your heart, and the spiritual side. And you know the worse of the two is the spiritual. Whilst he is uttering these words, the action on screen reverts from the church to the burning red of Tonys bar. Immediately we realise a connection between the hell Charlie describes in church, and the hell we perceive of his social climate, the colour red being a vital link in presenting this hell.Colour can a ffect us subliminally, and this is best exemplified in the modern day by restaurants fast food restaurants like Burger King have a lot of bright colours including red -which makes you want to buy the food quickly and leave whilst expensive restaurants use mainly neutral colours which make you more relaxed and stay for longer. Therefore the effect of the use of red in Tonys bar, in Mean Streets, could also then represent their fast pasted lifestyles in New York. The emphasised red blazing evident within Tonys bar metaphorically can also instils a sense of hell being an unbearable inferno suggesting an atmosphere full of sin and corruption, the occupants of which are doomed. Even when Scorsese showed Mean Streets to Michael Powell, Powell advised him the second time (the first being the red mitts in Raging Bull) told him that he overused the colour red in Mean Streets and that he should remove some of the red lighting, which Scorsese refused. 7 This expressionistic use of red light ing can be examined in films as far back as 1927, when Fritz Lang emphasised the hellish qualities of the underground slave factory in Metropolis by bathing the entire mise-en-scene in ominous red tint. Whereas Langs use of red reinforces his overtly expressionistic style, Scorseses appears simply as a flash of expression, which combined with the strong, documentary style realism of Mean Streets, seems all the more significant.Furthermore, the long motion tracking shot on entering Tonys bar works well with the glaring red effect, establishing a tense, almost nauseating atmosphere, which emulates perfectly with the hell described by Charlie a feeling that is further intensified by the use of soundtrack, in particular Jumping Jack Flash by the gyre Stones. The sequence is similar in style to that of Goodfellas, whereby the camera slowly closes in on Jimmy, and using just only 30 frames of film per second. Although his character has no verbal narrative in this scene, the expressive co mbination of slow camera movement and contemporary music highlight Jimmys tension and anger, enabling the audience to portion out his hatred, and assume his intention to get rid off Mauri. This slowing-down of the film has become a trade mark for Scorsese as he uses it in almost every single film he has made, even in his earliest short films like The Big Shave.In Mean Streets, the red walls of the restaurant Charlie visits later in this extract is also an important device of Scorsese, used to subtextually progress the narrative through the elaborate mise-en-scene. On one level we could understand this use to be symbolic of Charlies frustration due to his long awaited possession of the restaurant. However, with relation to the red of Tonys bar it suggests, contrary to Charlies belief, the venture may not be a way of escaping his hell. In other words his moving from one red inferno, that of Tonys bar, to another, the restaurant, neither improving nor solving his problems. As Roger Eb ert wrote in his Great Movies essay on the film, The real world is shot in ordinary colors, but then Charlie descends into the bar run by his friend Tony, and it is always bathed in red, the color of sex, blood and guilt.8 This quote can also applies to the bar in Goodfellas, The Bamboo Lounge, which is also lit with a similar red glow with the red lighting of the bar fuck off making the characters face completely red. Or on Henrys first date with Karen, when his influence and generous tipping allows them to skip the line at the Copacabana, the entire club is awash(predicate) in red lighting. A similar technique is employed in Taxi Driver, where the red walls of the Palentine building suggest Betsy will not be the make out to Traviss problems, and she will not relieve him from the Hell in which he suffers.Scorsese has continually used red lighting to create an insidious inferno for his immoral protagonist to dwell. In the book Gangster Priest The Italian American Cinema of Martin Scorsese, Robert Casillo writes that the red in Goodfellas is associated with blood, violence, suffering, and passion. It can even be read as more simple than that. Nearly every shocking deed of all shapes and sizes is emphasised onscreen by a splash of bright vibrant red. When the mafia men do something as gruesome as beat a man to death for insulting Pesci, they do it in a bar room filled with red lighting. And when he comes alive in their trunk as they try to dispose of the body, the cars brake lights casts an unbelievably strong red twinkle on DeNiro and Pesci. They are literally a washed in a bright red smoke filled mise en scene when burying their victim Billy. The malevolent extent of their detestation highlighted by this expressive use of lighting, and the immoral world they share is inflamed upon us. The sequence even ends with a highly unusual fade to red. When they have to go back six months later and dig up the resembling body, things get even more abstract. Its as i f their collective sins have stained the film shopworn permanently. There is no other colour apart from red in that scene. All of these scenes gave the impression to the audience of the images of Hell, which increased the insinuation of violence. As LoBrutto noted that as much as Scorsese enjoyed musicals and comedies it was the morality and street justice of the gangster film that was most reflective of the life he lived in Little Italy. He was raised(a) in a coded culture that fenced out all others. He was tortured by conflicts presented by his two masters the church and the cinema. (LoBrutto 63) As Charlie struggles with finding the right path in Mean Streets, the film begins with a shot of a projector showing us the film we are about to see. It is as though the characters now that they are in a movie and so Scorsese ties in the church and the cinema at the same time.Scorseses overtly violent style often involves an evoke amount of blood on screen, from his early short film The Big Shave, to Cape Fear, and here it helps to present a horrific image of the pain and penance experienced by Johnny Boy and Charlie for their sins, and highlight the extremely harsh consequence for Teresa who is oblivious to the extent of her brothers trouble.The Big Shave was widely read as a metaphor for the Vietnam War. On screen a young man enters a pristine white bathroom and walks up to a mirror just like Charlie does in the opening scene of Mean Streets in which he walks up to a mirror and scratches his face. The man in the bathroom begins to apply the tumescent white shaving cream on his face which again connects to the notion of innocence and purity. Whilst shaving, one of the razor strokes pierces the skin and he begins to bleed. Confused, he continues his morning shave but now each lash of the blade tears into his tender flesh deeper and deeper. Soon his plain features are totally cut open. A brave ear to ear swipe of the razor literally slashes his throat open. B lood covers him and falls around him, the bright red contrasting the perfect spotlessness of the bathroom. The same way Scorseses blondes contrast at the beginning of his films as they wear white and the setting is filled with red. At the end of The Big Shave, there is even a fade to red just like the ending of the scene in which DeNiro, Pesci and Layoota bury Baits. As if the blood of the self torture soaks into the celluloid and fills the entire frame. So therefore The Big Shave is representative of USAs irresponsible participation in the Vietnam War, especially their self destructiveness. As LoBrutto noted that The Big Shave shifted the emphasis from personal to political (LoBrutto 62) and so the red of the blood now represents the spilled blood of Vietnamese and American soldiers.In Mean Streets, we finally realise the true hell that constitutes Little Italy, and understand the violent outcome when anyone tries to subvert the statue quo. In addition, Scorseses powerful, gut-wren ching sequence in Taxi Driver, where Travis savagely takes out an entire brothel has been acknowledged for its abundant outpouring of blood. Indeed, the MPAA was ready to give it an X rating for violence. They suggested he tone it down the red blood, in order to get an R rating. So, Scorsese put the scene through a special chemical treatment that made the blood darker. The darker version of the red blood turned out almost more powerful than the slop ketchup style colour of the original. In Scorseses view, it made the scene more sickening and disturbing, but he got his R rating. And yet it is still the colour red as Jean-Luc Godard put it Its not blood, its red.9Scorsese also uses the colour red for his opening titles as he himself has recognised that the burning credits and foreboding red glare of the opening of King Vidors classic western Duel in the Sun (also in his top ten English Language film list which exemplifies the use of light and color10), has affected his use of red at the beginning of his films and he also said how as a child he was amazed how the use of colour could produce such a powerful effect.Possibly one of the most blatant incorporations of the colour red in Scorseses work is the credit sequence in Raging Bull, whereby the prominent red letters of the films title and DeNiros name is set against the gloomy black and white image of the boxing ring. The boxing rings ropes split the screen into four distinct parts representing four different parts of his lif

PRO-CHOICE VS. PRO-REGULATION: WHAT TERMS DESCRIBE THE CONFLICT AND WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR THE DISCUSSION? :: Essays Papers

PRO-CHOICE VS. PRO-REGULATION WHAT TERMS DESCRIBE THE CONFLICT AND WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR THE backchat? Pro-life. Pro-choice. The two self-chosen terms for the respective sides of the struggle do not provide an equal playing field. Which side will a casual observer of the compete (especially a young one) identify with? There is, of course, no contest. No one wants to claim to be anti-life. The term pro-life shuts down discussion, pulling the issue let on of a disagreement between two competing value systems by seizing the moral high ground. The name implies that there is only one life here, that of the fetus, and we atomic number 18 defending it.There is, of course, an equally compelling case to be made that the true pro-lifers are the ones who support the life of the female the living being, rather than the latent one. Women will need abortions, legal or illegal, and if we once again outlaw them, many will once again die from unsafe procedures. That was the reality in the United States before Roe v. Wade. What about the lives of the children who grow up without a mother, their mothers having died from unsafe abortions? What about the cases where women will die if forced to carry a fetus to birth? In these cases, pro-life is clearly on the side of reproductive rights. Pro-life thunder mug as easily mean reproductive rights as it can mean anti-choice. However, if one side claims the pro-life position, it denies the moral legitimacy of the opposing position. The conflict of values is strikingly similar to that waged over the issue of thralldom. Difficult as it may be today to imagine a moral case being made for slavery, that in fact was the moral position in the 1830s. withal seizing the moral high ground, the pro-slavery advocates declared themselves to be on the side of God, the law and public opinion. Anti-slavery opponents were labeled Godless, man-stealing destroyers of the social order. Ministers of all denominations, North and South, justified slavery on the grounds that it was a God-given institution. Their proof was the Bible, as one Southern minister assertedThe same God who gave Abraham sunshine, air, rain earth, flocks, herds, silver and gold merry him with a donative of slaves. Here we see God dealing in slaves, giving them to his favorite child, - a man of superlative worth, and as a reward for his high goodness.

supreme court desicion of hypothetical case :: essays research papers

The appellant, Salim abdul Aziz Rahman, the founder of the base called the Global Islamic international jihad, was convicted under the USA Patriot Act of 2003 for furthering the aims of known terrorism organizations by advocating the violence of the coupled States government that is called for by those organizations. He was tried and convicted by the Federal District Court, and has challenged the constitutionality of this Act on the grounds that it violates his First Amendment right of Freedom of Speech as protected by the United States Constitution. The United States Patriot Act of 2003 makes it a crime to further the aims of known terrorist organizations by advocating the violence against the United States government that is called for by those organizations. This act was formulated and put into effect after the acts of terrorism in September of 2001. The record shows that a man identified as the appellant, distributed to the inhabitants of his predominantly Middle-Eastern natu ral York City neighborhood, pamphlets stating the American government is controlled by Zionist agents and is using its arrogant power to arrive at believers around the world. These pamphlets also contained the sentence The penalty for murder is death. These pamphlets were printed and distributed by his organization, Global Islamic Jihad.At a rally of his organization in April of 2002, Mr. Rahman burned a flag (though protected by Texas v Johnson, 491 US 397, OBrien 626), and presented a speech where he called for death to any country that supports Zionist aggression against true believers as well as cataloging American crimes against humanity.In a speech on the day of his arrest in this same Middle-Eastern neighborhood, the appellant catalogued Americas crimes against humanity and the believers, as well as declaring We must not sit by idle. We must stand up with all of our strength with our brothers and sisters who struggle against the Zionists and against those who help them with money and weapons. The treacherous Jews and Crusaders must go down. Jihad knows no boundaries and no limitations on its means. Through legal FBI wiretaps, it was found that Mr. Rahman was in direct contact with representatives of the Muslim Brotherhood, a political group both in the United States and abroad. Previously an Egyptian terrorist group whom publicly renounced violence, this group now claims to advocate a peaceful transition to a worldwide Islamic state. However, this group often conveys ideas by known terrorist organizations that it calls brothers in the great cause.